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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(6): 393-403, June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011354

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Few studies from low- and middle-income countries have assessed stroke and cerebral reperfusion costs from the private sector. Objective To measure the in-hospital costs of ischemic stroke (IS), with and without cerebral reperfusion, primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PIH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in two private hospitals in Joinville, Brazil. Methods Prospective disease-cost study. All medical and nonmedical costs for patients admitted with any stroke type or TIA were consecutively determined in 2016-17. All costs were adjusted to the gross domestic product deflator index and purchasing power parity. Results We included 173 patients. The median cost per patient was US$3,827 (IQR: 2,800-8,664) for the 131 IS patients; US$2,315 (IQR: 1,692-2,959) for the 27 TIA patients; US$16,442 (IQR: 5,108-33,355) for the 11 PIH patients and US$28,928 (IQR: 12,424-48,037) for the four SAH patients (p < 0.00001). For the six IS patients who underwent intravenous thrombolysis, the median cost per patient was US$11,463 (IQR: 8,931-14,291), and for the four IS patients who underwent intra-arterial thrombectomy, the median cost per patient was US$35,092 (IQR: 31,833-37,626; p < 0.0001). A direct correlation was found between cost and length of stay (r = 0.67, p < 0.001). Conclusions Stroke is a costly disease. In the private sector, the costs of cerebral reperfusion for IS treatment were three-to-ten times higher than for usual treatments. Therefore, cost-effectiveness studies are urgently needed in low- and middle-income countries.


RESUMO Poucos estudos determinam o custo do AVC em países de baixa e média renda nos setores privados. Objetivos Mensurar o custo hospitalar do tratamento do(a): AVC isquêmico com e sem reperfusão cerebral, hemorragia intracerebral primária (HIP), hemorragia subaracnóidea e ataque isquêmico transitório (AIT) em hospitais privados de Joinville, Brasil. Métodos Estudo prospectivo de custo de doença. Os custos médicos e não médicos dos pacientes admitidos com qualquer tipo de AVC ou AIT foram consecutivamente verificados em 2016-17. Os valores foram ajustados ao índice do deflator do produto interno bruto e à paridade do poder de compra. Resultados Nós incluímos 173 pacientes. A mediana de custo por paciente foi de US$ 3.827 (IQR: 2.800-8.664) para os 131 pacientes com AVC isquêmico; US$ 2.315 (1.692-2.959) para os 27 pacientes com AIT; US$ 16.442 (5.108-33.355) para os 11 pacientes com HIP e US$ 28.928 (12.424-48.037) para os quatro pacientes com HSA (p < 0,00001). Para seis pacientes submetidos à trombólise intravenosa, a mediana do custo por paciente foi de US$ 11.463 (8.931-14.291) e, para quatro pacientes submetidos à trombectomia intra-arterial, a mediana de custo por paciente foi de US$ 35.092 (31.833-37.626; p < 0,0001). Uma correlação direta foi encontrada entre custo e tempo de permanência (r = 0,67, p < 0,001). Conclusão O AVC é uma doença cara. Em ambiente privado, os custos da reperfusão cerebral foram de três a dez vezes superiores aos tratamentos habituais do AVC isquêmico. Portanto, estudos de custo-efetividade são urgentemente necessários em países de baixa e média rendas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Hospitals, Private/economics , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Stroke/economics , Length of Stay/economics , Reference Values , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/economics , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Cerebral Hemorrhage/economics , Ischemic Attack, Transient/economics , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke/therapy
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(6): 404-411, June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011360

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Low- and middle-income countries face tight health care budgets, not only new resources, but also costly therapeutic resources for treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). However, few prospective data about stroke costs including cerebral reperfusion from low- and middle-income countries are available. Objective To measure the costs of stroke care in a public hospital in Joinville, Brazil. Methods We prospectively assessed all medical and nonmedical costs of inpatients admitted with a diagnosis of any stroke or transient ischemic attack over one year, analyzed costs per type of stroke and treatment, length of stay (LOS) and compared hospital costs with government reimbursement. Results We evaluated 274 patients. The total cost for the year was US$1,307,114; the government reimbursed the hospital US$1,095,118. We found a significant linear correlation between LOS and costs (r = 0.71). The median cost of 134 IS inpatients who did not undergo cerebral reperfusion (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] median = 3 ) was US$2,803; for IS patients who underwent intravenous (IV) alteplase (NIHSS 10), the median was US$5,099, and for IS patients who underwent IV plus an intra-arterial (IA) thrombectomy (NIHSS > 10), the median cost was US$10,997. The median costs of a primary intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and transient ischemic attack were US$2,436, US$8,031 and US$2,677, respectively. Conclusions Reperfusion treatments were two-to-four times more expensive than conservative treatment. A cost-effectiveness study of the IS treatment option is necessary.


RESUMO Os países de baixa e media renda enfrentam orçamentos apertados na saúde, não somente devido aos novos recursos terapêuticos, mas relacionado ao custo oneroso do tratamento do acidente vascular cerebral. No entanto, poucos dados prospectivos sobre os custos do AVC, incluindo reperfusão cerebral de países de baixa e média renda estão disponíveis. Objetivo Mensurar os custos do atendimento ao AVC em um hospital público. Métodos Avaliamos prospectivamente todos os custos médicos e não médicos de pacientes internados com diagnóstico de acidente vascular cerebral ou AIT durante 1 ano, analisamos os custos por tipo de AVC e tratamento, tempo de permanência e comparamos os custos hospitalares com o reembolso governamental. Resultados Foram avaliados 274 pacientes. O custo total em um ano foi de US$ 1.307,114; o governo reembolsou o hospital no valor de US$ 1.095.118. Encontramos uma correlação linear significativa entre LOS e custos (r = 0,71). A mediana do custo do AVCI em 134 pacientes que não sofreram reperfusão cerebral (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] mediana = 3) foi de US$ 2.803; para pacientes submetidos a alteplase intravenosa (IV) (NIHSS 10), a mediana foi de US$ 5.099 e para os pacientes submetidos a trombectomia intra-arterial (IA) (NIHSS > 10), o custo mediano foi de US$ 10.997. A mediana do custo de uma hemorragia intracerebral primária, hemorragia subaracnóidea e AIT foram de US$ 2.436, US$ 8.031 e US$ 2.677, respectivamente. Conclusões Os tratamentos de reperfusão foram duas a quatro vezes mais caros do que o tratamento conservador. Estudo de custo-efetividade para o tratamento do AVC são necessários.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data , Stroke/economics , Hospitals, Public/economics , Length of Stay/economics , Reference Values , Subarachnoid Hemorrhage/economics , Time Factors , Brazil , Cerebral Hemorrhage/economics , Ischemic Attack, Transient/economics , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric
3.
Rev. bras. enferm ; 68(3): 421-428, maio-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-756530

ABSTRACT

RESUMOObjetivo:analisar a dimensionalidade, validade de constructo convergente e consistência interna do Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal (QASCI) após sua adaptação semântica para o Brasil.Método:este estudo metodológico foi realizado com 132 cuidadores informais de idosos com dependência nas atividades básicas ou instrumentais de vida diária, em uma capital do Nordeste. Para análise da validade de constructo convergente do QASCI foram utilizadas medidas de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, ansiedade e depressão.Resultados:no geral, os resultados da validação de constructo do instrumento evidenciaram correlações estatisticamente significantes com as três medidas. A análise fatorial confirmatória evidenciou um bom ajuste do modelo teórico de sete fatores (domínios) da versão utilizada no grupo estudado. O alfa de Cronbach para o total da escala foi 0,92.Conclusão:a versão brasileira do QASCI mostrou-se válida e confiável na mensuração da sobrecarga de cuidadores informais de idosos.


RESUMENObjetivo:analizar la dimensionalidad, validad de constructo convergente y consistencia interna del Cuestionario de Evaluación de la Sobrecarga del Cuidador Informal (QASCI), adaptado semánticamente para Brasil.Método:estudio metodológico realizado con 132 cuidadores informales de ancianos con dependencia en actividades cotidianas básicas o instrumentales, en una capital del noreste. Para análisis de la validad de constructo convergente del QASCI, se utilizaron medidas de calidad de vida relativas a salud, ansiedad y depresión.Resultados:los resultados de la validación de constructo del instrumento evidenciaron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas con las tres medidas. El análisis factorial confirmatorio evidenció un buen ajuste del modelo teórico de siete factores (dominios) de la versión utilizada en el grupo estudiado. El alfa de Cronbach para el total de la escala fue 0,92.Conclusión:la versión brasileña del QASCI se mostró válida y confiable para mensurar la sobrecarga de cuidadores informales de ancianos.


ABSTRACTObjectives:to analyze the dimensionality, convergent construct validity and internal consistency of the Informal Caregiver Burden Assessment Questionnaire (QASCI) after its semantic adaptation to Brazil.Method:this methodological study was developed with 132 informal caregivers of elders who are dependent of help for basic or instrumental activities of daily living, in a capital city in Northeast Brazil. Quality of life measures related to health, anxiety and depression were used in the analysis of the convergent construct validity of the QASCI.Results:the results of the instrument construct validation evidenced statistically signifi cant correlations with the three measures. The confi rmatory factor analysis evidenced good adjustment of the theoretical model of seven factors (domains) of the version used in the group studied. Cronbach’s alpha for the scale total was 0.92.Conclusion:the Brazilian version of the QASCI was considered to be valid and reliable for assessing the burden of informal elder caregivers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Coronary Angiography/methods , Electrocardiography , Heart Rate , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Algorithms , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(2): 157-165, 04/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744478

ABSTRACT

The diagnosis of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is hampered by the absence of a gold standard. An accurate diagnosis is essential because of the high toxicity of the medications for the disease. This study aimed to assess the ability of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify MCL and to compare these results with clinical research recently published by the authors. A systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement was performed using comprehensive search criteria and communication with the authors. A meta-analysis considering the estimates of the univariate and bivariate models was performed. Specificity near 100% was common among the papers. The primary reason for accuracy differences was sensitivity. The meta-analysis, which was only possible for PCR samples of lesion fragments, revealed a sensitivity of 71% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59; 0.81] and a specificity of 93% (95% CI = 0.83; 0.98) in the bivariate model. The search for measures that could increase the sensitivity of PCR should be encouraged. The quality of the collected material and the optimisation of the amplification of genetic material should be prioritised.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/surgery , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Elbow Joint/surgery , Cubital Tunnel Syndrome/diagnosis , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods , Treatment Outcome , Ulnar Nerve/anatomy & histology
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